The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of analyzing the Sincere Apology and willingness to cooperate on conflict at work with the mediating role of forgiveness and moderating role of empathy after conflict. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the employees of companies located in Kerman No. 2 Industrial Park. Using cluster sampling from 172 clusters, 28 clusters were selected from each cluster by proportional method sampling. Totally 280 persons were selected as sample. The partial least squares method was used for data analysis and structural equation modeling was applied to measure the relationships between research variables. Goodness of fit for both parts of the data algorithm showed the utility and acceptability of the questionnaires and latent structure at the level of indicators and questions. The results indicated the effect of Sincere Apology and willingness to cooperate on workplace conflict both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of forgiveness. The results also confirmed the moderating role of empathy in such a way that empathy among employees reinforces the effect of Sincere Apology and willingness to cooperate in reducing organizational conflict.

(A) S8 used to prepare a copper reagent (CuSCF3 complexes) that utilized for nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of aryl halides. To prepare this copper reagent, reactants have been added to an oven-dried resalable Schlenk tube possessing a Teflon screw valve and were stirred at 80oC for 10 h. Then, the obtained complex has been used for trifluoromethylthiolation of aryl halides [4].

The study analyzes the Apology delivered by the then-democratic Presidential contender in 2007, Senator Barack H. Obama, to the Indian-American community. This Apology succeeded in convincing American citizens of Obama’ s goodwill and clean political standards, which eventually led him to surpass his chief opponent, Senator Hillary R. Clinton and become the President of the United States. The study employs Searle’ s (1969) speech act theory (SAT) and Holmes’ s (1990) Apology strategies through pragmatics. The study, then, administrates thematic analysis through positive discourse analysis to gain insights from Obama’ s leadership values. Findings educate readers on the importance of an Apology construction and encourage readers to follow the example of a world-class leader’ s values by having an insight into Obama’ s leadership.

Apology has been mostly studied from a pragmatics standpoint and as a frequent speech act, especially in Persian language. This paper, however, aims at a discourse analysis of Apology, taking as its framework, the interdisciplinary approach introduced in Lakoff (2015). The data are collected form official apologies in the Iranian media between 2015-2018. The results show that firstly, without taking an interdisciplinary stance many interactional aspects of this speech act is neglected. This is because Apology is one of the face-saving speech acts in the representation of which contextual and interpersonal factors, and the speaker’ s and addressee’ s perspective play an important role in the ways preferred by the speaker to apologize. Moreover the nature of public and political discourse multiplies the complexities and forces the speakers get the benefit of all linguistic and extra-linguistic means at different levels to achieve their communicative goals. Secondly, the prototypical explicit apologies in public discourse are rare, so that most of the cases studied are instances of non-Apology rather than Apology. The reason behind this fact can be traced back to the nature of public and political discourses in which Apology would bring about negative consequences for the apologizer. Also, one of the main presuppositions of this speech act is that the apologizer implicitly accepts the responsibility of the wrongdoing and her reluctance to apologize explicitly in public and political discourse is a conscious or unconscious attempt to avoid the negative consequences of shouldering the responsibilities in these formal settings. Accordingly, different representations of Apology can be placed somewhere on a continuum with prototypical Apology at one end and non-Apology at the other one. This paves the way for considering Apology as a radial category at the level of discourse and for adding a cognitive level of analysis to the framework at hand.

This study aimed at extracting and categorizing the range of strategies used in performing the speech act of apologizing in Persian. The first objective was to see if Persian apologies were as formulaic in pragmatic structure as in English apologies are said to be (Wolfson, 1983; Holmes, 1990; Bergman and Kasper, 1993). The other issue explored in this study was the investigation of the effect of the values assigned to the two context-external variables of social distance and social dominance on the frequency of the Apology intensifiers. To this end, Persian apologetic utterances were collected and analyzed. The research findings indicated that Persian apologies are as formulaic in pragmatic structures as are English apologies. Also, the values assigned to the two context-external variables were found to have significant effect on the frequency of the intensifiers in different situations.

Political apologies, are among special type of apologies, which the politicians state to protect their own faces and to fulfill the communal need. But apologizing has its own strategies. Kempf (2009) introduces some verbal strategies such as Using lexical and syntactical means, omitting or blurring the gent, denying responsibility, selecting a specific victim, undermining the existence of the victim, and Apology for a component of the offense (and not for the entire occurrence), etc. by the use of which the politicians avoid Sincere apologies. Through Investigation of 100 utterances of apologies by politicians as broadcasted in the national and local media, the present article claims that these apologies are inSincere. The results indicate that these insincerities have their roots in the Iranian cultural Memes of collectivism, overstating and truth avoiding.

One of the ways of mental damage compensation is Apology that plays an important role in the healing of mental and emotional pain of victim and has a detrimental effect on his relationship with the wrongdoer. In Iranian law this has been the subject of legislative attention and article 10 of the Civil Liability Act gives the court the authority in case of mental damage to force the wrongdoer to apologize for the loss. However, Apology has not been defined and its terms has not considered in Iran laws. Countries such as Canada and the US were leading countries in this case and have used the Apology as a tool to relieve mental pain and did a lot of research in defining and explaining of Apology. In current research we study the notion and terms of Apology and its role in mental damage compensation of victim and its effects on wrongdoer behavior and also the process of Apology in the court. In conclusion, on one hand, the Iranian legislator must define the Apology and on the other hand, the role of judicial procedure must be emphasized to order to apologize as one of the methods of spiritual compensation if appropriate.